How the Net Works

Useful guides to how parts of the Internet work.

• How the Internet Works
• TCP/IP
• IP Addresses
• Port Numbers
• Email
• Whois
• Traceroute
• DNS
• Web Servers and URLs
• HTML
• Spam Tracing Tools

How the Internet Works

Connected: An Internet Encyclopedia - www.cotse.com/CIE/
How Internet Infrastructure Works - computer.howstuffworks.com/internet-infrastructure.htm
Internet Tutorials - www.inetdaemon.com/tutorials/

TCP/IP

Basic TCP/IP - compnetworking.about.com/od/tcpip/TCPIP_Transmission_Control_Protocol_Internet_Protocol.htm
TCP/IP basics - www.windowsnetworking.com/articles_tutorials/tcpip.html

IP Addresses

• How IP Addresses Work
• Unusual IP Addresses

How IP Addresses Work

IP Addresses - en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_address

Unusual IP Addresses

These IP addresses are unusual; they should not normally be reachable across the internet, for a variety of reasons. That knowledge can be used to aid in understanding email headers.

Reserved IP blocks - spamid.servebeer.com:8081/utils/include/spamid/reserved_blocks.jsp
IP prefixes that should not be routable - www.team-cymru.org/Services/Bogons/
Special Use IP Addresses - www.iana.org/abuse/faq.html

Port Numbers

IANA assigned port numbers - www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers

Email

Email is a staple of the Internet - but do you have any idea how it flies from inbox to inbox?

• How Email Works
• Email Spoofing

Related

• Email Header Reading
• Internet Mail Standards

How Email Works

How Email Works - communication.howstuffworks.com/email.htm
Dan's Mail Format Site - mailformat.dan.info/
Anatomy of a Mail Address - www.remote.org/jochen/mail/info/address.html
SMTP - www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2821.html
Format for Email - www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2822.html

Email Spoofing

Email Identity Theft - www.riskythinking.com/articles/article25.php
Email Spoofing - dawn.thot.net/cd/170.html
E-Mail Spoofing - www.webtech.on.ca/spoof.htm

Whois

How to use WHOIS effectively to track spammers - netdemon.net/tutorials/whois.txt
Spammers & hackers: using Whois to find their network - www.apnic.net/apnic-info/whois_search2/abuse-and-spamming
Notes on whois - www.rahul.net/falk/whois.html
RWhois Tools - projects.arin.net/rwhois/
Spamstopper's notebook: whois - www.rickconner.net/spamweb/tools-whois.html

Related

• Whois Tools

Traceroute

Traceroute and Spam - www.opus1.com/o/nospamtrace.html
Using Tracert - www.windowsnetworking.com/articles_tutorials/Using-Tracert.html
Spamstopper's notebook: traceroute - www.rickconner.net/spamweb/tools-traceroute.html

Related

• Traceroute Tools
  

DNS

DNS Resources Directory - www.dns.net/dnsrd/
How DNS Works - computer.howstuffworks.com/dns.htm
IP Addressing and Name Resolution - samspade.org/d/ipdns.html
Spamstopper's notebook: dig - www.rickconner.net/spamweb/tools-dig.html
Spamstopper's notebook: nslookup and host - www.rickconner.net/spamweb/tools-nslookup-host.html
How DNS Works - www.faqs.org/docs/linux_network/x-087-2-resolv.howdnsworks.html

Related

• DNS Tools

Web Servers and URLs

A Guide to URLs - www.up.ac.za/services/it/urlguide.html
How Web Servers Work - computer.howstuffworks.com/web-server.htm
Analyzing the Anatomy of URLs - www.dummies.com/WileyCDA/DummiesArticle/id-1304,subcat-USING.html

Related

• Untangling URLs

HTML

W3 Guide to MarkUp - www.w3.org/MarkUp/
How Web Pages Work - computer.howstuffworks.com/web-page.htm
HTML Tutorial - www.w3schools.com/html/

Related

• Sense of Scripting

Spam Tracing Tools

Tracking E-mail: Tools Required - www.expita.com/header2.html
Spam analysis tools - www.rickconner.net/spamweb/tools.html

Related

• Spam Tracing Tools